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Classification of Histidine Protein Kinases and Their Cognate Response Regulators
 

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Updated: 01/2000

Two-component phosphorelay systems and their functions. The extension "_RR" indicates the receiver domain of a hybrid kinase.
 

Process

Kinase

Regulator

Organism (Reference for kinase)
Antibiotic Resistance/Synthesis

Antibiotic Synthesis

Antifungal Antibiotics 

Vancomycin Resistance 

  

AbsA1

ApdA

VanS

  

AbsA2

ApdA_RR

VanR

    

Streptomyces (Brian et al., 1996)

Pseudomonas (Corbell and Loper, 1995)

Enterobacteria (Arthur et al., 1992) 
Catabolism DegS DegU Bacillus (Louw et al., 1994)
Chemotaxis CheA CheY, CheB Archaeoglobus (Klenk et al., 1997), Bacillus (Fuhrer & Ordal, 1991), Borrelia (Fraser et al., 1997; Trueba et al., 1997), Enterobacter (Dahl et al., 1989), Escherichia (Kofoid and Parkinson, 1991), Halobacterium (Rudolph & Oesterhelt, 1995), Helicobacter (Tomb et al., 1997), Listeria (Dons et al., 1994), Pseudomonas (Ditty et al., 1998), Pyrococcus (Kawarabayasi et al., 1998), Rhizobium (Greck et al., 1995), Rhodobacter (Ward et al., 1995; Hamblin et al., 1997), Rhodospirillum (Jiang & Bauer, 1997), Salmonella (Stock et al., 1988), Synechocystis (Kaneko et al., 1996), Thermotoga (Swanson et al., 1996), Treponema (Fraser et al., 1998)
Autoinduction

Competence

Competence

Quorum Sensing

  

ComD

ComP

LuxN, LuxQ

  

ComE

ComA

LuxO

  

Streptococcus (Cheng et al., 1997; Pestova et al., 1996)

Bacillus (Weinrauch et al., 1990)

Vibrio (Bassler et al., 1993; Bassler et al., 1994)
Differentiation/ Development

Cell Cycle Control

Motility

Nodulation

Capsule Synthesis

Ethylene Response

Light Response, Bacteria

Light Response, Plants

Cytokinin Binding

Osmosensing /Development

Osmosensing

Germination

Hyphal Growth

Sporulation

  

DifJ

FrzE

NodV

RcsC

ETR (ERS)

Cph1

PhyC

CKI1

DokA

Sln1

DhkB

Nik1

KinA,B,C

  

DifK

FrzE_RR

NodW

RcsB

ETR_RR

Rcp1

?

CKI1_RR

DokA_RR

Sln1_RR

DhkB_RR

Nik1_RR 

Spo0F

  

Caulobacter (Ohta et al., 1992) 

Myxococcus (McCleary & Zusman, 1990)

Bradyrhizobium (Gottfert et al., 1990)

Enterobacteria (Stout & Gottesman, 1990) 

Arabidopsis (Hua et al., 1995), Lycopersicon (Payton et al., unpublished)

Synechocystis (Yeh et al., 1997)

Arabidopsis (Cowl et al., 1994)

Arabidopsis (Kakimoto, 1996)

Dictyostelium (Schuster et al., 1996)

Saccharomyces (Ota and Varshavsky, 1993)

Dictyostelium (Zinda & Singleton, 1998)

Neurospora (Alex et al., 1996)

Bacillus ( Perego et al., 1989; Trach and Hoch, 1993; LeDeaux and Grossman, 1995)
Nitrogen Metabolism

N2-Fixation

Nitrate Reduction

Nitrogen Assimilation

  

FixL

NarX

NtrB

  

FixJ

NarL

NtrC

  

Azorhizobium (Kaminski & Elmerich, 1991), Bradyrhizobium (Anthamatten & Hennecke, 1991), Rhizobium (Patschkowski et al., 1996; D'hooghe et al., 1998)

Enterobacteria (Stewart et al., 1989)

Azospirillum (Machado et al., 1995), Bradyrhizobium (Nixon et al., 1986), E. coli (Miranda-Rios et al., 1987), Herbaspirillum (Steffens et al., unpublished), Klebsiella (MacFarlane & Merrick, 1985), Proteus (Steglitz-Morsdorf et al., 1993), Rhizobium (Patriarca et al., 1993), Rhodobacter (Foster-Hartnett et al., 1993), Rhodospirillum (Zhang et al., 1995), Salmonella (McFarland et al., 1981), Thiobacillus (Kilkenny et al., 1994), Vibrio (Maharaj et al., 1989)
Phosphate Metabolism CreC

PhoR

 CreB

PhoB

 Enterobacteria (Amemura et al., 1986; Wanner, 1995; Wanner and Latterell, 1980)

Enterobacteria (Lee et al., 1989; Makino et al., 1986)
Citrate Fermentation CitA, DpiA CitB, DpiB Enterobacteria (Bott, 1997; Ingmer et al., 1998)
Adaptation

Anaerobic Repression

Chromatic Adaptation 

Osmosensing 

Turgor Sensing (K+-Transport)

  

ArcB

RcaE

EnvZ

KdpD

  

ArcB_RR

?

OmpR

KdpE 

  

Escherichia coli (Iuchi et al., 1990)

Fremyella (Kehoe & Grossman, 1996)

E. coli (Mizuno et al., 1982), Salmonella (Liljestrom et al., 1988), Xenorhabdus (Tabatabai & Forst, 1995) 

E. coli (Walderhaug et al., 1992)
Cell Wall Integrity CiaH

PmrB

 CiaR

PmrA

 Streptococcus (Guenzi et al., 1994) 

Streptococcus (Soncini & Groisman, 1996) 
Transport

Dicarboxylic Acid

Hexose-Phosphate

Phosphoglycerate

  

DctB

UhpB

PgtB

  

 

UhpA

PgtA

  

Rhizobium (Ronson et al., 1987)

E. coli (Island et al., 1992) 

Salmonella (Yang et al., 1988)
Virulence/ Pathogenicity

Alginate 

Alginate

Pectate Lyase

Phytotoxin 

Virulence

Virulence

Extracellular d -Toxin

Extracellular Toxins

Plant Cell Transformation

Root Colonization

  

AlgZ

KinB

PelY

CorS

BvgS

PhoQ

AgrC

VirS

VirA

ColS

  

AlgR

AlgB

PelY_RR

CorR

BvgA

PhoP

AgrA

VirR

VirG

ColR

  

Pseudomonas (Yu et al., 1997)

Pseudomonas (Ma et al., 1997)

Pseudomonas (Liao et al., 1994)

Pseudomonas (Ullrich et al., 1995)

Bordetella (Arico et al., 1989)

Salmonella (Miller et al., 1989)

Staphylococcus (Novick et al., 1995)

Clostridium (Lyristis et al., 1994)

Agrobacterium (Leroux et al., 1987; Morel et al., 1989)

Pseudomonas (Dekkers et al., 1998)

Questions, Comments, Missing a Kinase? Please send a note to Thorsten Grebe at thorsten.grebe@bakterien.org (Department of Microbiology, University of Kaiserslautern)

Updated: September 1999